Galileo and Saturn
In 1609 Galileo made his first perspicillum (see-through device) which we now call a telescope. It was initially used as a spyglass for seeing distant ships and other terrestrial objects.
In late in 1609 he first turned his device skyward and was astounded by views of the Moon, Jupiter, Venus and other heavenly bodies. But nothing confused him more than what he first saw 400 years ago this month. In announcing his discovery, he wrote, “I have observed the highest planet, triple-bodied,” referring to Saturn which was then believed to be the most distant planet.
Elaborating his finding, he stated, “Saturn is not a single star, but is a composite of three, which almost touch each other, never change or move relative to each other, and are arranged in a row along the zodiac, the middle one being three times larger than the other two lateral ones…situated in this form – oOo.”
It was a mystery Galileo never solved. His crude telescopes, inferior even to today’s department store scopes, couldn’t quite reveal what every school child now knows to be Saturn’s rings. It wasn’t until several years after Galileo’s death that Christiaan Huygens, using a larger and improved telescope, solved Saturn’s riddle.
To the naked eye and through most binoculars, Saturn looks like a bright star. But most of today’s telescopes, even inexpensive ones, reveal what Galileo never saw clearly enough to understand.
Saturn is currently visible in our evening sky, so get out that scope tucked away in the closet, or call up a friend with a scope, or attend a local star party — whatever it takes. Then for fun, pretend you’re Galileo getting your first clear view of Saturn and its rings. Eureka!
Sky Calendar.
* July 25 Sun.: The full Moon is called Hay Moon and Thunder Moon.
* 27 Tue. evening: Mercury is a moonwidth to the lower left of the star Regulus near the western horizon at dusk, Mercury being the brighter.
* 31 Sat. morning: The Moon is above Jupiter high in the south.
* 31 Sat. evening: Mars is just to the lower left of Saturn low in the west.
* Aug. 1 Sun.: Lammas, a cross-quarter day celebrating the middle of summer.
* 2 Mon.: The Moon is at 3rd quarter.
* 4 Wed. morning: The crescent Moon is above the Pleiades star cluster in the east.
* 8 Sun. evening: Brilliant Venus (bottom), reddish Mars (upper left), and creamy-colored Saturn (upper right) form a triangle low in the west at dusk.
* 9 Mon.: The Moon in new.
* 11 Wed. evening: The crescent Moon is to the lower left of Mercury in the west at dusk.
* 12 Thu. evening: The crescent Moon is below Venus with Saturn to Venus’ right and Mars to Venus’ upper left.
* 12/13 Thu./Fri. all night: The Perseid meteor shower peaks with virtually no Moon interference all night.
* 13 Fri. evening: The crescent Moon is to the left of the trio of planets.
* 13 Fri.: An unlucky day for the superstitious – glad I’m not!
Naked-eye Planets. (The Sun, Moon, and planets rise in the east and set in the west due to Earth’s west-to-east rotation on its axis.) Evening: Venus is the brilliant “evening star” in the west. Mercury is just above the horizon two fist-widths (held at arm’s length) to Venus’ lower right. Saturn (brighter) and Mars are a fist-width to Venus’ upper left. Morning: Bright Jupiter, now rising before midnight, is high in the south.
Mars Hoax. Regardless of what you might read on the Internet, come Aug. 27 Mars will not appear as large as the Moon. It never has and never will. Some variation of this preposterous Mars hoax has been circulating every summer since 2003 when Mars did come closer than usual. The only thing you need to remember Aug. 27 is the Stargazer’s 70th birthday!
Star Party. The Central Texas Astronomical Society’s free monthly star party is July 31 at the Lake Waco Wetlands beginning at 8 p.m. For directions see my Web site.
Stargazer appears every other week. Paul Derrick is an amateur astronomer who lives in Waco. Contact him at 918 N. 30th, Waco, 76707, (254) 753-6920 or paulderrickwaco@aol.com. See the Stargazer Web site at stargazerpaul.com.
The Lost Art Of Hitching
The other day, I recounted to my son, Pete, a story about hitchhiking while a young undergrad at Southern Illinois University in Carbondale.
In 1972, people were neither particularly freaked out about picking up hitchers, nor too scared to thumb a ride. Songs extolling the praises of riding the asphalt as a free spirit were commonplace (“Me and Bobby McGee”; “Sweet Hitchhiker”; “Hitchin’ a Ride”).
On several occasions, when traveling alone, I played the part of “hitchee.” During a trip to see several of my Army buddies in New York City, the journey became boring, tiresome, and somewhat daunting – not to mention uncomfortably hot during August in a 1965 Dodge Polara with vinyl seats and no air conditioning.
Somewhere in eastern Ohio or western Pennsylvania I spotted two longhairs with their thumbs out. If one hadn’t had a guitar slung over his shoulder, I might have passed them by. (Ignoring the whole Charlie Manson-as-musician thing as an anomaly, I inferred that these guys were essentially harmless.)
As it turned out, they were college students on their way home to Newark, NJ, after spending the summer hanging around the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco.
I had a reservation at a Holiday Inn about midway through Pennsylvania, and (perhaps somewhat foolishly) snuck them into my room. Happy to finally be spending a night inside, they considered sleeping on the floor plus unlimited use of indoor plumbing somewhat akin to luxury accommodations.
When I deposited them near the Newark airport the following day, I was sorry to say farewell.
On the return trip, I picked up a westbound passenger in the same general area.
That guy was a young Frenchman who had spent pretty much all of his money just getting across the pond. His destination was Chicago, but he’d only had enough for airfare to New York.
In true French fashion, he had embarked upon his quest for love of a woman. As it turned out, she lived less than a mile from my North Side apartment; to his great pleasure and surprise, I was able to drop him off right at her door.
Conversely, my own experiences as a “hitcher” were usually of the local variety, born out of necessity rather than for travel purposes.
At 15, I had a job at a McDonald’s about five miles from home. Most days, my Mother wouldn’t give me a ride, requiring that I take the bus. A major problem was that the bus route ended over two miles from the McD’s. So, I generally thumbed the last leg of the way.
I shall never forget the time a woman of 60 or so picked me up in her air-conditioned 1966 Polara two-door hardtop. Unlike the “Plain Jane” version as described above, (originally) purchased by my Father, this car had all the bells, whistles and bling – including a 383 Hemi V8.
It was obvious that this woman smoked like a prohibition against cigarettes was about to begin. She also drove as though automobiles were to be banished the next day.
In all honesty, I never rode with a teenager who had as heavy a foot, or weaved between cars as much – she was Northern Illinois’ very own version of Jan and Dean’s “Little Old Lady From Pasadena”. That woman scared the shit out of me.
Moving forward six years, the occurrence which I had related to my son took place on a blisteringly scorching Saturday afternoon. Without going into great detail, I didn’t have a car at university that quarter because my parents remained mired in the 1940s.
Seeking carnal pleasures and/or a little noble weed, I went along with a pair of young ladies to their trailer in a “park” south of Carbondale. When it became obvious that there would be no success regarding either pursuit, I headed back to town.
The midday heat being almost paralyzing, I sought free vehicular transport. It short order an old school bus pulled up. The driver was a young man who had transformed the conveyance into a most remarkable rolling apartment.
In addition to a kitchen, living area, and sleeping space, he had installed an incredible stereo system with speakers all around – better than most home systems of the day.
The guy was a musician, a modern day troubadour who traveled a circuit of college towns. He was, as Peter Fonda said of the farmer in “Easy Rider”, “…doing his own thing in his own time.”
My point in all this is that, back when I was a young man, beautiful people were found everywhere. We had no logical reason to fear extending a helping hand to, or reaching out for a little help from, our contemporaries.
At 30, in Pete’s lifetime one would not, could not, even consider giving a ride to a stranger; nor would anyone with half a brain think about hitching a ride.
The world has become treacherous, and it has nothing to do with terrorists.
We have lost pretty much all sense of the camaraderie and brotherliness that bubbled up throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s. We tail-end baby boomers, my generation, tried to share love for all living beings and spread the fruits of goodwill throughout the family of man.
These days, most unfortunately, whenever anyone speaks out for peace and understanding, the response is typically virulent and insulting – oftentimes threatening — from those who dwell within the realm of intolerance.
Self-importance has soured mankind’s focus, and our family has become an utterly dysfunctional lot.
How sad.
Shalom.
Jerry Tenuto has earned a BS in Radio-Television and an MA in Telecommunications from Southern Illinois University-Carbondale. In addition to some 25 years in broadcasting, he is a seven-year veteran of the U.S. Army. Since 1995, Jerry has found himself trapped in a “Red” enclave within the middle of the “Blue” state of Illinois, which he refers to as “slow death hell.”
The Texas Perimeter Hike — Big Bend National Park
Installment No. 11
“I am twenty miles or more from the nearest fellow human, but instead of loneliness I feel loveliness.”
— Edward Abbey, Desert Solitaire
A friend recently asked me how I’ve handled the solitude of my long walk around Texas. Like the land itself, my time alone has had a changing topography, and no single answer encompasses the whole of my experience. Nonetheless, I shall attempt to do the question some kind of justice, if for no other reason than to honor those semi-quiet moments from dusk till dawn when our civilized world reduces itself to a modest hum and surrenders the floor to nature’s conversation.
I have learned to enjoy being by myself, welcoming chance conversations where they might be found, but I wasn’t always so comfortable. The beginning of this trip was a misery. Those early days and weeks came attached with a profound societal rejection of my station. I was a bum, a pariah, someone to avoid. Though I put on my best face in interactions, I saw the fear in people’s eyes, the anxiety in their movements, the open disdain, the pity. Though this was far from a universal reaction, I hadn’t anticipated its everyday occurrence and was forcibly ushered into a kind of solitude I hadn’t been prepared to handle. Coupled with my own insecurities about life and the immensity of my hiking goal, I’d never felt more needy and alone.
Solitude isn’t meant to be like this. While it can lend itself to loneliness, over-reflection, or boredom, its allure lies in its tranquility and equilibrium. I started my trek wildly off balance, but as my experience and confidence have grown, I’ve come to accept my time alone. I also attribute some of this stability to the countless supportive and nice people I’ve met along the way as well as my puppy Raisin who licks me several times a day.
A couple of weeks ago, I had the chance to walk over 120 miles in Big Bend National Park. The summers are scorchers in West Texas, and some points in the south of the park regularly reach temperatures above 110 degrees Fahrenheit. Because of the heat, the park’s attendance is sparse, and we had the place to ourselves. However, Raisin couldn’t accompany me on any hiking trails, so I temporarily turned her over to a dogsitter.
I was alone again.
The Chihuahuan Desert, a sandy, cactus-filled, and usually dry area is not the best place to experiment with the merits of solitude. It regularly humbles the strongest of athletes, and a simple bad decision can be a traveler’s undoing. Like many a nimrod before me, I charged into the wilderness, aware of the dangers but unconcerned, like that stuff couldn’t possibly happen to me.
And it didn’t. But I paid a price nonetheless.
I drank water from mud puddles. I crossed a high trail near Mariscal Canyon and ended up getting blown into a cactus. I attempted to hike 40 miles in a day, and several times nearly wobbled off the trail due to fatigue. I disturbed a mean-looking rattlesnake and shortly thereafter intruded upon a couple of bears scrounging for dinner.
On the
fourth day, I sat high up on the South Rim of the Chisos Mountains and looked across the land. It was still morning, cool and crisp at 7,000 feet, the trees lending a fragrance not found in the desert below. In the distance I saw my starting point and followed the sandy, dusty contours from west to east,
then northwest to where I was sitting.
I hadn’t seen a soul in three days, but I didn’t feel alone. I didn’t even consider my solitude. I was only aware of my immediate world – birds chirping, a light breeze, the sweet air, calm – and that I was there in it, feet dangling in the loveliness.
Smatt is the penname of S.Matt Read. A writer, inventor, baker, and hiker, he is currently hiking the entire outline of the state. Follow his adventure here and at www.texasperimeterhike.blogspot.com and www.twitter.com/perimeterhiker.
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